Question

What is meant by the following terms? Explain with an example for each.
(i) Target molecules as used in medicinal chemistry
(ii) Food preservative
(iii) Non-ionic detergents
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Answer 1

Answer:

a)In medicinal chemistry, target molecules or drug targets refer to the key molecules (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are involved in certain metabolic pathways leading to certain diseases. These target molecules are inhibited when the drug molecules bind to the active sites.

b)Food preservatives: Chemical substance which are used to prevent food spoilage due to microbial growth are called preservative. For example, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, etc. ... For example: Sodium alkylbenzene sulphonates are common ingredients of synthetic detergent

c)Non-ionic detergents: They do not contain ions. They are esters of alcohols with high molecular mass. They can be prepared by the reaction between stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Typical non-ionic detergents are based on polyoxyethylene or a glycoside. Common examples of the former include Tween, Triton, and the Brij series. These materials are also known as ethoxylates or PEGylates and their metabolites, nonylphenol. Glycosides have a sugar as their uncharged hydrophilic headgroup.