Question

What is meant by the internal and external frontiers of the Sultanate?
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties?​

Answer 1

Answer

Internal frontiers of the sultanate consisted of the hinterland of the garrison towns. The external frontiers refer to the unconquered territories especially in the southern parts of the subcontinent.

to ensure that muqtis performed their duties there offices were held inheritable.

Answer 2

The “internal” frontiers of the Sultanate means the consolidation of the hinterlands of the garrison towns. During these campaigns, forests were cleared in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and hunter-gatherers and pastoralists were expelled from their habitat and these lands were handed over to the peasants. They also promoted regional trade through the establishment of New fortresses and garrison towns.

The “external” frontiers of the Sultanate meant the military expeditions into southern parts of India, which started during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and ended with the reign of Muhammad Tughluq.