Question

What is meant by the statement. “Internal energy is a function of state”. Will the
internal energy of a system increase or decrease when work is done on it. Write the
mathematical statement for first law of the thermodynamics. Write the convention
used for determination of sign of work done in this expression.

Answer 1

The first law of the thermodynamics applies to the conservation of energy.

Explanation:

The law states that the change in the internal energy of the system is equal to the net heat transfer minus the net work done by the system.

The first law in the form of equation can be said as ΔU = Q − W.

ΔU is the change in internal energy U of the system.

Q is the sum of all heat transfer into and out of the system and W is the net work done it can be on the system or by the system.

If Q is positive then net heat is transferred into the system and if the W is positive then work is done by the system.

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