What is meant by transfer of learning? Describe the different types of transfer of learning? Explain the educational Implication for the transfer of learning.
Answers
Transfer of learning or transfer of knowledge refers to learning in one context and applying it to another, i.e. the capacity to apply acquired knowledge and skills to new situations.
Types of Transfer of Learning:
There are three types of transfer of learning:
1. Positive transfer:
When learning in one situation facilitates learning in another situation, it is known as positive transfer. For example, skills in playing violin facilitate learning to play piano. Knowledge of mathematics facilitates to learn physics in a better way. Driving a scooter facilitates driving a motorbike.
2. Negative transfer:
When learning of one task makes the learning of another task harder- it is known as negative transfer. For example, speaking Telugu hindering the learning of Malayalam.
Left hand drive vehicles hindering the learning of right hand drive.
3. Neutral transfer:
When learning of one activity neither facilitates nor hinders the learning of another task, it is a case of neutral transfer. It is also called as zero transfer.
For example, knowledge of history in no way affects learning of driving a car or a scooter.
Educational Implications of transfer of learning :-
A systematic approach is required to promote transfer of learning in the classroom. Purposeful teaching activities must be employed that suit the type of knowledge to be transferred and the abilities of the students. Several implications of the transfer of learning concept are discussed in this module.
According to Wellington, 2006, students should master the original material thoroughly in order for transfer to take place. This means that teachers should allow students time to entirely grasp the concepts. Students need to experience the material in different ways through a range of different examples.