What is meant by Varna?
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Varṇa (वर्णः) is a Sanskrit word which means type, order, colour or class.[1][2] The term refers to social classes in Brahminical books like the Manusmriti.[1][3][4] These and other Hindu literature classified the society in principle into four varnas:[1][5]
Brahmins: priests, scholars and teachers.
Kshatriyas: rulers, warriors and administrators.
Vaishyas: agriculturalists and merchants.[6]
Shudras: laborers and service providers.
Communities which belong to one of the four varnas or classes are called savarna. In the present-day context, they include all the forward castes. The Dalits and scheduled tribes who do not belong to any varna, are called avarna.[7][8]
This quadruple division is a form of social stratification not to be confused with the much more nuanced Jāti or the European term "caste".[9]
The varna system is discussed in Hindu texts, and understood as idealised human callings.[10][11] The concept is generally traced to the Purusha Sukta verse of the Rig Veda.
The commentary on the Varna system in the Manusmriti is oft-cited.[12] Counter to these textual classifications, many Hindu texts and doctrines question and disagree with the Varna system of social classification.[13]
Brahmins: priests, scholars and teachers.
Kshatriyas: rulers, warriors and administrators.
Vaishyas: agriculturalists and merchants.[6]
Shudras: laborers and service providers.
Communities which belong to one of the four varnas or classes are called savarna. In the present-day context, they include all the forward castes. The Dalits and scheduled tribes who do not belong to any varna, are called avarna.[7][8]
This quadruple division is a form of social stratification not to be confused with the much more nuanced Jāti or the European term "caste".[9]
The varna system is discussed in Hindu texts, and understood as idealised human callings.[10][11] The concept is generally traced to the Purusha Sukta verse of the Rig Veda.
The commentary on the Varna system in the Manusmriti is oft-cited.[12] Counter to these textual classifications, many Hindu texts and doctrines question and disagree with the Varna system of social classification.[13]
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2
Varna in India can mean class, type, color or order.
Explanation:
- This term was used in ancient India to depict the social classes and was a common term used in the text Manusmriti.
- As per the text there existed four varnas in the society – the brahmins who had professions of priests, scholars and teachers; the kshatriyas who comprised of the ruler class; the vaishyas who comprised of the common men and the tradesmen and lastly the Shudras who comprised of the lowest caste and was given the task of menial jobs.
Learn more about Varna System:
Describe the varna system as it existed during the period of mahajanapadas
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The Varna system is still prevailing in the Indian society
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