Question

What is Mendel's experiment​

Answer 1

A monk, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his monastery's garden. His experiments showed that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and leading to the study of heredity.

Mendel's results demonstrated that the white flower trait had completely disappeared in the F1 generation. Importantly, Mendel did not stop his experimentation there. He allowed the F1 plants to self-fertilize and found that 705 plants in the F2generation had violet flowers and 224 had white flowers.

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Answer 2

$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Mendel's \: Experiment:-}}}}$

Mendel’s Experimental Material:

Mendel selected Garden pea (Edible Pea = Pisumsativum) for his experiments because:

• Pure varieties of pea were available.
• Pea plants showed a number of easily detectable contrasting characters.
• The flower structure of pea is such as to allow controlled breeding. It can be crossbreed manually.
• Pea flower normally remains closed and undergoes self pollination.
• It is an annual plant and gives results in a year’s time
• A large number of seeds are produced per plant.
• The plant is grown easily and does not require aftercare except at the time of pollination of hybrid plants and raising of subsequent generations like F2, F3, and F4

Monohybrid Cross (Inheritance of One Gene):

A cross between two parents taking the alternative traits of one single character.Eg. - a cross between tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) pea plant.

• Mendel crossed pure tall and pure dwarf pea plants to study the inheritance of one character. These Homozygous Plants formed the Parent generation ( Pgeneration).
• He collected the seeds produced as a result of this cross and grew them to generate plants of the first hybrid generation.This generation is also called the Filial1 progeny or the F1. Mendel observed that all the F1 progeny plants were tall, like one of its parents; none were dwarf.
• Then he self-pollinated the tall F1 plants and found that in the Filial2 generation some of the offsprings were ‘dwarf’; the character that was not seen in the F1 generation was now expressed.
• The proportion of plants that were dwarf were ¼th of the F2 plants while ¾th of the F2 plants were tall.
• The production of gametes by the parents, the formation of the zygotes, the F1 and F2 plants can be understood from a diagram called Punnett Square. It was developed by a British geneticist, Reginald C. Punnett.

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