Question

what is monera ? give some examples of monera

Answer 1

The term Monera refers to a large group of organisms that include Archaea and Bacteria. These organisms are single-celled and lack a nucleus inside. Their DNA is loosely organized within the cell. This type of cell is known as a prokaryotic cell. As a result, bacteria are often referred to as prokaryotes.

The monerans are the original lifeforms that first developed when the earth had cooled enough and there was sufficient water to support life as we know it. They are very old. How old, you ask? 3.5 billion years (give or take one hundred million years). The monerans have survived five major extinctions, and some members live in environments where nothing else can survive.

As time has progressed and we've learned more about these original inhabitants of Earth, biologists have recognized that the category of kingdom wasn't appropriate. The Kingdom Monera consisted of bacteria and archaea, but archaea were found to be more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria. As a result, you don't see the term 'Monera' used much anymore. Now many scientists use a three-domain system where Archaea and Bacteria are two of three domains (a domain is a step above kingdom). Monera now refers to creatures in either domain.

Answer 2

$Here \: is \: the \: answer \: of \: your \: question$

$\textbf{MONERA}$

→ Monera = single; means single celled prokaryotic and unicellular organisms.

→ They are the most primitive group of organisms.

→ They grow in special environmental conditions like hot springs, ice, on the surface of plants and animals.

→ They exhibit both autotrophic and heterotopic mode of nutrition.

→ They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Sexually by conjugation. Asexually by spore formation and binary fission.

→ Double standard DNA is present in them.

→ Cell organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum etc. are absent in it.

→ Flagella is present in them, which helps in movement from one place to another.

→ Circulation takes place with the help of diffusion.

→ Absence of well defined membrane bound organelles.

→ Ex :- $\textbf{bacteria and blue green algae}$

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$\textbf{About Bacteria}$

» Bacteria are the sole members of Kingdom Monera.

» Bacteria are grouped under different categories on the basis of the their shapes namely; bacillus, comma-shaped, rod-shaped and vibrios.

» Some of the bacteria are autotrophic.

» Bacterial cells are covered by a rigid cell wall.

» In many bacterias slime layer is present outside. It is secreted by protoplast which deposit over the cell wall in the form of sheath called slime layer.

» Each bacteria cell have plasma membrane; situated just internal to the cell wall.

» Flagella is present in them which helps in movement. Pili is present besides the flagella.

» Many have small and circular plasmids.

» They may be motile or non motile.

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