what is mouth brooding fish
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Lots of animals go to extreme lengths to protect their young. For some, like polar bears, that means taking care of their offspring for years before they venture into the world. For others, like dolphins, adults form protective groups around the young to shield them from predators.
But there’s one group that takes parenthood to a whole new level. And that, my friends, is the mouthbrooding fish.
Mouthbrooding is a strategy where parents keep eggs (and sometimes newly hatched fry) in—you guessed it—their mouths. There are three types: paternal, maternal and biparental mouthbrooders, depending on whether it’s the father, mother or both who store offspring in their mouths. There are a number of families of fish in both salt and freshwater who practice this unusual technique.
Take, for example, the Banggai cardinalfish. This small and flashy saltwater fish is found off of Indonesia and is a popular aquarium fish. They are paternal mouthbrooders, so after the spawning pair mates, the female deposits about 40 eggs into the male’s mouth. The eggs are just a few millimeters in diameter and remain warm and safe inside the male until they hatch. Then, the juvenile cardinalfish will remain in the male’s mouth for a little longer before he releases them into the world to fend for themselves. About half the eggs will survive to become a juvenile.
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