Question

What is mulching,
terrace farming,
contour barrires and
Rom dam

Answer 1

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A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.

A mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g.bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil, or around existing plants. Mulches of manure or compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly can dramatically improve soil productivity.[1]

Terrace farming is a type of farming that consists of different "steps" or terraces that were developed in various places around the world. The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras (hills and mountains) is a World Heritage Site. It dates back two thousand years.

Contour farming is growing crops "on the level" across or perpendicular to a slope rather than up and down the slope. The rows running across the slope are designed to be as level as possible to facilitate tillage and planting operations on the contour.

Answer 2

MulchingThe bare ground (top soil) between plants is covered with a protective layer of organic matter like grass clippings, straw, etc.


Contour barriersStones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect water.They intercept down slope flowing water and soil particles. These barriers slow down the water movement and reduce its erosive force. They also filter out and trap many of the suspended soil particles, keeping them from being washed out of the field.A long term advantage of barriers is that soil tends to build up behind them, creating a terrace effect. Barriers can be classified as live (strips of living plants), dead (rocks, crop residues), or mixed (a combination of the previous two).
Rock damRocks are piled up across a channel to slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss.
Terrace farmingIn terracing, a number of terraces are cut along the hill slope.These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops. They can reduce surface run-off and soil erosion.