Question

what is nephron.? and it's function?

Answer 1

"Nephrons" are considered the elementary basic units of structural and functional origins of main excretory organ called Kidneys. Both the Human kidneys consist of more than 10 lakhs or 1 million nephronal structures in both the kidneys.

A Nephronal structure or Uriniferous tubular structure are enclosing the renal tubule and the Malpighian corpuscle or a renal capsule which further consists of the Bowman's capsule or also called as Glomerular capsule and the stiffly formed capillaries consisted rounded coiled structure called as Glomerulus (in singular it's called a glomeruli vice versa) which're formed of anastomosingly interconnected complex plexus of thin vessels and are non-dependent on single loops of capillary tufts, instead formed of many connections in a network chain.

Nephron's main function is to excrete waste products and make it more non-complex so that, other parts of kidney can easily process them into waste products and separate ionic compounds also, reabsorb the essential nutrients, in all nephron is the most important structure in a human kidney and is the only one to take major parts of functions like protecting the osmoregulatory index of the body by removing or the excessive water present and not required in the body, etc.

Answer 2

Nephron, functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney. The most primitive nephrons are found in the kidneys (pronephros) of primitive fish, amphibian larvae, and embryos of more advanced vertebrates. The nephrons found in the kidneys (mesonephros) of amphibians and most fish, and in the late embryonic development of more advanced vertebrates, are only slightly more advanced in structure. The most advanced nephrons occur in the adult kidneys, or metanephros, of land vertebrates, such as reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Each nephron in the mammalian kidney is a long tubule, or extremely fine tube, about 30–55 mm (1.2–2.2 inches) long. At one end this tube is closed, expanded, and folded into a double-walled cuplike structure. This structure, called the renal corpuscular capsule, or Bowman’s capsule, encloses a cluster of microscopic blood vessels—capillaries—called the glomerulus. The capsule and glomerulus together constitute the renal corpuscle. Blood flows into and away from the glomerulus through tiny arteries called arterioles, which reach and leave the glomerulus through the open end of the capsule. In the renal corpuscle, fluid filters out of the blood in the glomerulus through the inner wall of the capsule and into the nephron tubule. As this filtrate passes through the tubule, its composition is altered by the secretion of certain substances into it and by the selective reabsorption of water and other constituents from it. The final product is urine, which is conveyed through the collecting tubules into the renal pelvis.
functions are :
nephron is responsible for removing waste products, stray ions, and excess water from the blood. The blood travels through the glomerulus, which is surrounded by the glomerular capsule. As the heart pumps the blood, the pressure created pushes small molecules through the capillaries and into the glomerular capsule. This is the, more physical function of the nephron. Next, the ultrafiltrate must travel through a winding series of tubules. The cells in each part of the tube have different molecules that they like to absorb. Molecules to be excreted remain in the tubule, while water, glucose and other beneficial molecules work their way back into the bloodstream. As the ultrafiltrate travels down the tubules, the cells become more and more hypertonic compared to the ultrafiltrate. This causes a maximum amount of water to be extracted from the ultrafiltrate before it exits the nephron. The blood surrounding the nephron returns to the body via the interlobular vein, free of toxins and excess substances. The ultrafiltrate is now urine, and moves via the collecting duct to the bladder, where it will be stored.

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