Question

what is nitogen cycle
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Answer 1

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Nitrogen Cycle:

• Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
• Nitrogen Cycle is the circulation of nitrogen in various forms through nature.
• It is a biogeochemical process.
• Nitrogen is transformed from its inert atmospheric molecular form to a usable form for plants and other organisms.
• There are mainly five stages in nitrogen cycle. They are discussed below:

1. Nitrogen Fixation:

• Conversion of nitrogen into an organic form is called nitrogen Fixation.
• This process is carried out by microorganisms like Rhizobium.
• Rhizonium is a nitrogen fixing bacteria. It is found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.

2. Nitrification:

• Conversion of nitrite into nitrate is called nitrification.
• Ammonia can be used by some of the plants.
• Nitrogen is converted from bacteria from Ammonia.

3. Assimilation:

• Nitrogen compounds exist in various forms, such as nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and ammonium etc.
• These are taken up from soil by plants.
• These are then used in the formation of plant and animal proteins.

4. Ammonification:

• When plants or animals die, they emit waste.
• The nitrogen present in this organic matter renters the soil, where it is broken down by decomposers.
• This produces ammonia which is then available for other biological processes.

5. Denitrification:

• Conversion of nitrate back into nitrogen is called denitrification.
• This process is carried out by denitrifying bacteria.
• It occurs primarily in wet soils.

Answer 2

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1. Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
2. Circulation of nitrogen in various forms through nature is called nitrogen cycle.
3. Nitrogen, a component of proteins and nucleic acids, is essential to life on Earth.
4. Although 78 percent by volume of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas, this abundant reservoir exists in a form unusable by most organisms
5. Through a series of microbial transformations, however, nitrogen is made available to plants, which in turn ultimately sustain all animal life
6. The steps, which are not altogether sequential, fall into the following classifications: nitrogen fixation, nitrogen assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
7. Nitrogen fixation, in which nitrogen gas is converted into inorganic nitrogen compounds, is mostly (90 percent) accomplished by certain bacteria and blue-green algae.
8. A much smaller amount of free nitrogen is fixed by abiotic means (e.g., lightning, ultraviolet radiation, electrical equipment) and by conversion to ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process.
9. Nitrates and ammonia resulting from nitrogen fixation are assimilated into the specific tissue compounds of algae and higher plants.
10. Animals then ingest these algae and plants, converting them into their own body compounds.
11. The remains of all living things—and their waste products—are decomposed by microorganisms in the process of ammonification, which yields ammonia (NH₃) and ammonium (NH⁴⁺)   (Under anaerobic, or oxygen-free, conditions, foul-smelling putrefactive products may appear, but they too are converted to ammonia in time.)
12. Ammonia can leave the soil or be converted into other nitrogen compounds, depending in part on soil conditions.
13. Nitrification, a process carried out by nitrifying bacteria, transforms soil ammonia into nitrates (NO₃⁻), which plants can incorporate into their own tissues.
14. Nitrates also are metabolized by denitrifying bacteria, which are especially active in water-logged anaerobic soils. The action of these bacteria tends to deplete soil nitrates, forming free atmospheric nitrogen.