what is non revolutionary theories? explain 250 words
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Revolution is a venerable, as well as a fashionable, subject of scientific and philosophical inquiry. It has never been far from the centre of political theory. The right of revolution is the obverse of the duty of obedience; the explanation of revolution the obverse of the explanation of stability. These are clearly funda mental issues for political analysis. The history of the subject can be crudely, but usefully, divided into three periods, which more or less correspond to the three periods into which the dis cipline of political science itself can be split. The first period, lasting about twenty three centuries, Most of those conventionally considered great political thinkers in this period made some contribution to the theory of revolution, but three stand out for the enduring interest of their ideas: Aristotle, de Tocqueville and Marx. The second period, which may be labelled that of early-modern sociology, runs from around the death of Marx and the ascendancy of Weber to circa 1960. It is characterized chiefly by ostensible commitment to value-free social science and by methodo logical crudity. The principal names in the sociology of revolution during this period were Sorokin, Edwards, Pettee and Brinton. The third period, which is the subject of this review, began in the early 1960s and is still with us. It is pri marily characterized by the influence of functionalism and the drive towards quantification is that of the classical theorists, running from Plato to Marx. strand of thought omitted from this schema is that of post-Marx Marxism. There is almost certainly a much larger body of literature on Marx and Marxism than there is on revolution. Marxology has become a major sub-discipline within political science. For reasons of space, it must be put beyond the scope of an article whose primary concern is revolution, not Marx. I happen to believe that little is lost by excluding Marxism from a survey of recent theories of revolution, but to argue that point would require at least another article, if not a book (if not several books). However that may be, Marxist theory is excluded from the present study. To indicate as clearly as possible what this article aims to do, it may be useful to state what it does not aim to do, but might conceivably have done. It is not a survey of all the literature on revolution, even of all the recent literature. There are a number of good reasons for this. Firstly, some of the literature is beneath consideration. Secondly, there is quite a lot of duplication and thus to treat the ideas of writer A is often at the same time to treat implicitly the ideas of writers One