what is octet ? why is it inactive
Answers
The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas. When atoms combine to form molecules, they will either lose, gain, or share valence electrons by bonding ionically, covalently, or metallicaly, until they have attained 8 in their outer electron shell. This phenomenon is referred to as the Octet rule, and with it satisfied, a given element is as inert as its nearest noble gas.
Answer:
Octet: Octet refers to the eight electron arrangement in the outermost valence shell of the noble gases. Noble gases are the elements present in the 18th group of the periodic table. These gases are the most stable elements in the periodic table. They are chemically inactive.
Except for hydrogen, every element prefers to have eight electrons in its valence shell so that it can attain its nearest noble gas electronic configuration and become stable.
The reason for the inactiveness of the octet is that this octet-electronic configuration is the most stable configuration. Every atom or element prefers to have its outermost orbital either half-filled or fully filled to become stable. For example, let us take the 11th element i.e., sodium to explain this reason.
Atomic number of sodium (Na) = 11
It means it has 11 electrons.
Electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
Here it has 1 electron in its outermost shell, but to become stable its outermost orbital should be fully-filled. So, it loses one electron and becomes positively charged.
New electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
In this, the octet is completed. And its outermost orbital is also fully filled. due to which it has no free electrons to lose and hence it is inactive.
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