what is oxidation number
Answers
Explanation:
Oxidation number, also called Oxidation State, the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.
Each atom that participates in an oxidation-reduction reaction (q.v.) is assigned an oxidation number that reflects its ability to acquire, donate, or share electrons. The iron ion Fe3+, for example, has an oxidation number of +3 because it can acquire three electrons to form a chemical bond, while the oxygen ion O2− has an oxidation number of −2 because it can donate two electrons. In an electronically neutral substance, the sum of the oxidation numbers is zero; for example, in hematite (Fe2O3) the oxidation number of the two iron atoms (+6 in total) balances the oxidation number of the three oxygen atoms (−6).
Certain elements assume the same oxidation number in different compounds; fluorine, for example, has the oxidation number −1 in all its compounds. Others, notably the nonmetals and the transition elements, can assume a variety of oxidation numbers; for example, nitrogen can have any oxidation number between −3 (as in ammonia, NH3) and +5 (as in nitric acid, HNO3).
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