what is oxidation state and COVALENCY and best book of chemistry for competition as well as academic .. only experts plz
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An oxidation state is a number that is assigned to an element in a chemical combination. This number represents the number of electrons that an atom can gain, lose, or share when chemically bonding with an atom of another element.
The increase in oxidation state of an atom through a chemical reaction is known as an oxidation; a decrease in oxidation state is known as reduction. Such reactions involve the formal transfer of electrons, a net gain in electrons being a reduction and a net loss of electrons being an oxidation. For pure elements, the oxidation state is zero.
The valency of an element measures its ability to combine with other elements. The valency is determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of each atom of an element.Covalency is the number of electrons that can be given by an atom towards formation of a covalent bond…. it is actually number of atoms attached…..in other words coordination number.
Example: covalency of Nitrogen is 3…. can be 4 as well….examples are NH4+ and N2O5.
Oxidation State is the degree of an atom to lose electrons. The negative values indicate gain of electrons.
Example: Oxidation state of Barium is +2 meaning it can lose 2 electrons. Similarly oxidation state of Oxygen can be -1, and -2 meaning at times it can gain one electron and in other cases it can gain two.
The increase in oxidation state of an atom through a chemical reaction is known as an oxidation; a decrease in oxidation state is known as reduction. Such reactions involve the formal transfer of electrons, a net gain in electrons being a reduction and a net loss of electrons being an oxidation. For pure elements, the oxidation state is zero.
The valency of an element measures its ability to combine with other elements. The valency is determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of each atom of an element.Covalency is the number of electrons that can be given by an atom towards formation of a covalent bond…. it is actually number of atoms attached…..in other words coordination number.
Example: covalency of Nitrogen is 3…. can be 4 as well….examples are NH4+ and N2O5.
Oxidation State is the degree of an atom to lose electrons. The negative values indicate gain of electrons.
Example: Oxidation state of Barium is +2 meaning it can lose 2 electrons. Similarly oxidation state of Oxygen can be -1, and -2 meaning at times it can gain one electron and in other cases it can gain two.
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