What is oxidation state and how to find it? explain with an example.
Answers
Answer: The oxidation state of a pure element is always zero. The oxidation state for a pure ion is equivalent to its ionic charge. In general, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, while oxygen has an oxidation state of -2. The sum of the oxidation states for all atoms of a neutral molecule must add up to zero.
Explanation: Oxidation number or state of an atom/ion is the number of electrons an atom/ion that the molecule has either gained or lost compared to the neutral atom. Electropositive metal atoms, of group I, 2 and 3 lose a specific number of electrons and have always constant positive oxidation numbers.
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Answer:
Oxidation state can be described as the number that is allocated to elements in a chemical combination. The oxidation number is basically the count of electrons that atoms in a molecule can share, lose or gain while forming chemical bonds with other atoms of a different element.
a) The net charge on neutral atoms or molecules is zero. So the overall oxidation state of them is zero. For example oxidation state of elemental atoms such as sodium, magnesium, iron is zero. Similarly, the net oxidation state of neutral molecules such as oxygen, chlorine, water, ammonia, methane, potassium permanganate is zero. The oxidation state of atoms in homo-polar molecules is zero. The oxidation number of an atom in an oxygen molecule is zero.
b) The oxidation state of charged ions is equal to the net charge of the ion. So,
Oxidation number of all alkali metal ions is always = +1
Oxidation number of all alkaline earth metal ions is always = +2
Oxidation number of all boron family metal ions is always = +3
Oxidation number of hydrogen in proton (H+) is +1, and in hydride is -1.
Oxidation number of oxygen in oxide ion(O2-) is -2, and in peroxide ion(O-O2-) is -1.
Example: Oxidation state of chlorine in KCl
KCl is neutral and so, net charge=0
Oxidation state of KCl = Oxidation state of potassium + oxidation state of chlorine = 0.
Oxidation state of potassium = +1
Oxidation states = +1 + x = 0: x = -1
Atoms in the species = K Cl
Oxidation state of chlorine in KCl = -1