Question

What is PCR? Explain the steps involved in PCR. Enlist the types of PCR and give its applications.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction.It is mainly the amplification of DNA by enzymtic activities.It is based on three steps Denaturation, Annealing and Extension. There are many kinds of PCR for example Real time PCR, Reverse  transcriptase PCR,Nested PCR etc..PCR is used in amalysing clinical specimens, patient prognosis, diagnosis of genetic diseases, used for cloning procedure etc..

Explanation:

• PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction is a procedure for amplifying a particular segments of DNA and propagate it within the host cell.The procedure of PCR totally depend upon the enzymatic activities that is in-vitro.
• PCR use enzyme  like DNA polymerase that is responsible for the synthesis of DNA from substrates on a single stranded DNA template. The steps involved in PCR are

1. Denaturations-: The required temperature is about 94° C. In this steps the hydrogen bonds that holds DNA strands denatured or brerak down and create single stranded DNA
2. Annealing-: The required temeprature is about  50°C to 70°C.This allows the primers to bind to the complementary sequences in template DNA.
3. Extension-: The required temperatureis about 72°C.In this steps DNA polymerase extends the primers by adding nucleotides onto the primer.

• Types of PCR-:

1. Real time PCR
2. Quantitative Real time PCR
3. Reverse transcriptase PCR
4. Multiplex PCR
5. Nested PCR
6. VNTR PCR etc...

• PCR has many application in biotechnology feild some applications of PCR are

1. PCR is used for analysing clinical specimens for the detection of infectious microorganisms that causes diseases.
2. It is used for the analysis of mutations that occurs in many genetic diseases.
3. It is used for determining  the sequences of human genome base pairs.