Question

what is physical quantity that corresponds to rate of change of velocity?

Answer 1

Force is time rate of change of momentum.

Time rate means the change in momentum divided by the duration of time, that a body took to change the momentum

If a body was moving at velocity u at t = 0 sec and it has a velocity v at time = t seconds, then

change of momentum = m v - mu
duration of time elapsed = t - 0sec = t

So time rate of change of momentum =  .