what is planning? Explain its features ,process importance,limitations
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Answers
*Planning actually means that the process of making something it has few synonyms like organisation,arrangement etc.
*Planning is the process of thinking about the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It is the first and foremost activity to achieve desired results. It involves the creation and maintenance of a plan, such as psychological aspects that require conceptual skills
*and it's also nothing but thinking before an action is going to place
example:* I am planning for what to become in the future
* I am planning to score centum in maths etc.
now talking about it's features/characteristics :
*First and the foremost is managerial function: Planning provides the base for other functions of the management, i.e. organising, staffing, directing and controlling, as they are performed within the periphery of the plans made.
*Next is we have to be goal-oriented:It focuses on defining the goals of the organisation, identifying alternative courses of action and deciding the appropriate action plan, which is to be undertaken for reaching the goals.like we may have certain goals at different times a short example is that first we might be thinking to become a doctor or a scientist etc.But we have to be clear and set only one goal and chase for it.
*Pervasive: It is pervasive in the sense that it is present in all the segments and is required at all the levels of the organisation. Although the scope of planning varies at different levels and departments.
*Intellectual Process: It is a mental exercise at it involves the application of mind, to think, forecast, imagine intelligently and innovate etc.
*Decision making: Decisions are made regarding the choice of alternative courses of action that can be undertaken to reach the goal. The alternative chosen should be best among all, with least number of negative and highest number of positive outcomes. This is the most important thing to follow in our life.sometimes we might be taking wrong decision but overcome with a good and positive attitude.
Next up is importance of planning:
*It helps managers to improve future performance, by establishing objectives and selecting a course of action, for the benefit of the organisation.
*It minimises risk and uncertainty, by looking ahead into future.
*It facilitates coordination of activities. Thus, reduces overlapping among activities and eliminates unproductive work.
*It states in advance, what should be done in future, so it provides direction for action.
*It uncovers and identifies future opportunities and threats.
*It sets out standards for controlling. It compares actual performance with the standard performance and efforts are made to correct the same.
But there are some limitations while planning:
(1) Planning Creates Rigidity
(2) Planning Does Not Work in a Dynamic Environment
(3) Planning Reduces Creativity
(4) Planning Involves Huge Costs
(5) Planning is a Time-consuming Process
(6) Planning Does Not Guarantee Success
There you have the features,importance and limitations
I hope it will help u
;-)
Answer:
Planning is Primary function of management:
Planning is the primary or first function to be performed by every manager. No other function can be executed by the manager without performing planning function because objectives are set up in planning and other functions depend on the objectives only.