What is Planning ? Explain its process.
Answers
MEANING:
Planning is the first function of management. It is a step which sets a platform for other functions of management.
Planning is basically the idea or decision in advance of what to do, by whom to do and how to do. Planning involves setting objective sand developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives. Thus, it is closely connected with creativity and innovation.
PROCESS:
(a) Setting Objectives: The first and foremost step is setting objectives. Objectives may be set for the entire organization or each department. Setting up of objectives is necessary because management is a goal oriented process and hence, work to fulfill the objectives of the organisation.
(b) Developing premises: Planning premises are the assumptions about the likely shape of events in future. It forecasts the obstacles, problems or limitations in the path of the effective planning because of which the plans may deviate. Planning premises supply relevant facts & information relating to future.
(c) Identifying alternative courses of action: Identifying alternative objectives means that once objectives are set and premises are developed, the plan need to be identified on the basis of its efficiency.
(d) Evaluating alternative Courses: The next step is to be weigh pros and cons of each alternative. Each course will have many variables which have to be weighed against each other.
(e) Selecting an alternative: After comparison and evaluation, the best alternative is chosen for reaching organization objectives. On the basis of merits, demerits, resources and consequences, the best plan has to be adopted, which must be the most feasible, profitable and with best negative consequences.
(f) Implementing the plan: Once the plans are developed they are put into action. Successful implementation of the plan ensures understanding and whole-hearted cooperation of all the employees.
(g) Follow up action: To see whether plans are being implemented, activities are performed according to schedule. In case of any deviations, changes are made in the plans.