What is pluto's new status
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In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto to that of "dwarf planet." This means that from now on only the rocky worlds of the inner Solar System and the gas giants of the outer system will be designated as planets.
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Pluto (minor planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond Neptune. It was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered.
Pluto
Pluto in true color, imaged by New Horizons
Discovery
Discovered by
Clyde W. Tombaugh
Discovery date
February 18, 1930
Designations
MPC designation
(134340) Pluto
Pronunciation
/ˈpluːtoʊ/ ( listen)
Named after
Pluto
Minor planet category
Dwarf planet
Trans-Neptunian object
Plutoid
Kuiper belt object
Plutino
Adjectives
Plutonian
Orbital characteristics[3][a]
Epoch J2000
Earliest precovery date
August 20, 1909
Aphelion
49.305 AU
(7.37593 billion km)
February 2114
Perihelion
29.658 AU
(4.43682 billion km)[1]
(September 5, 1989)[2]
Semi-major axis
39.48 AU
(5.90638 billion km)
Eccentricity
0.2488
Orbital period
248.00 years[1]
90,560 d[1]
Synodic period
366.73 days[1]
Average orbital speed
4.67 km/s[1]
Mean anomaly
14.53 deg
Inclination
17.16°
(11.88° to Sun's equator)
Longitude of ascending node
110.299°
Argument of perihelion
113.834°
Known satellites
5
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1,188.3±1.6 km[4][5]
0.1868 Earths
Flattening
<1%[6]
Surface area
1.779×107 km2[b]
0.035 Earths
Volume
(7.057±0.004)×109 km3[c]
0.00651 Earths
Mass
(1.303±0.003)×1022 kg[6]
0.00218 Earths
0.177 Moons
Mean density
1.854±0.006 g/cm3[4][6]
Surface gravity
0.620 m/s2[d]
0.063 g
Escape velocity
1.212 km/s[e]
Sidereal rotation period
6.387230 d
6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity
47.18 km/h
Axial tilt
122.53° (to orbit)[1]
North pole right ascension
132.993°[7]
North pole declination
−6.163°[7]
Albedo
0.49 to 0.66 (geometric, varies by 35%)[1][8]
Surface temp.
min
mean
max
Kelvin
33 K
44 K (−229 °C)
55 K
Apparent magnitude
13.65[1] to 16.3[9]
(mean is 15.1)[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)
−0.7[10]
Angular diameter
0.06″ to 0.11″[1][f]
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
1.0 Pa (2015)[6][12]
Composition by volume
Nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide[11]
Mosaic of best-resolution images of Pluto from different angles
Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to be the ninth planet from the Sun. After 1992, its status as a planet was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt. In 2005, Eris, a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27% more massive than Pluto, was discovered. This led the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term "planet" formally in 2006, during their 26th General Assembly. That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet.
Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun. It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris. Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small—about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume. It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun. This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune, but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding. Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance (39.5 AU).
Pluto has five known moons: Charon (the largest, with a diameter just over half that of Pluto), Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body.
On July 14, 2015, the New Horizons spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto. During its brief flyby, New Horizons made detailed measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons. In September 2016, astronomers announced that the reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins, organic macromolecules that may be ingredients for the emergenc
Pluto
Pluto in true color, imaged by New Horizons
Discovery
Discovered by
Clyde W. Tombaugh
Discovery date
February 18, 1930
Designations
MPC designation
(134340) Pluto
Pronunciation
/ˈpluːtoʊ/ ( listen)
Named after
Pluto
Minor planet category
Dwarf planet
Trans-Neptunian object
Plutoid
Kuiper belt object
Plutino
Adjectives
Plutonian
Orbital characteristics[3][a]
Epoch J2000
Earliest precovery date
August 20, 1909
Aphelion
49.305 AU
(7.37593 billion km)
February 2114
Perihelion
29.658 AU
(4.43682 billion km)[1]
(September 5, 1989)[2]
Semi-major axis
39.48 AU
(5.90638 billion km)
Eccentricity
0.2488
Orbital period
248.00 years[1]
90,560 d[1]
Synodic period
366.73 days[1]
Average orbital speed
4.67 km/s[1]
Mean anomaly
14.53 deg
Inclination
17.16°
(11.88° to Sun's equator)
Longitude of ascending node
110.299°
Argument of perihelion
113.834°
Known satellites
5
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1,188.3±1.6 km[4][5]
0.1868 Earths
Flattening
<1%[6]
Surface area
1.779×107 km2[b]
0.035 Earths
Volume
(7.057±0.004)×109 km3[c]
0.00651 Earths
Mass
(1.303±0.003)×1022 kg[6]
0.00218 Earths
0.177 Moons
Mean density
1.854±0.006 g/cm3[4][6]
Surface gravity
0.620 m/s2[d]
0.063 g
Escape velocity
1.212 km/s[e]
Sidereal rotation period
6.387230 d
6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity
47.18 km/h
Axial tilt
122.53° (to orbit)[1]
North pole right ascension
132.993°[7]
North pole declination
−6.163°[7]
Albedo
0.49 to 0.66 (geometric, varies by 35%)[1][8]
Surface temp.
min
mean
max
Kelvin
33 K
44 K (−229 °C)
55 K
Apparent magnitude
13.65[1] to 16.3[9]
(mean is 15.1)[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)
−0.7[10]
Angular diameter
0.06″ to 0.11″[1][f]
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
1.0 Pa (2015)[6][12]
Composition by volume
Nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide[11]
Mosaic of best-resolution images of Pluto from different angles
Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to be the ninth planet from the Sun. After 1992, its status as a planet was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt. In 2005, Eris, a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27% more massive than Pluto, was discovered. This led the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term "planet" formally in 2006, during their 26th General Assembly. That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet.
Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun. It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris. Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small—about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume. It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun. This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune, but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding. Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance (39.5 AU).
Pluto has five known moons: Charon (the largest, with a diameter just over half that of Pluto), Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body.
On July 14, 2015, the New Horizons spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto. During its brief flyby, New Horizons made detailed measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons. In September 2016, astronomers announced that the reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins, organic macromolecules that may be ingredients for the emergenc
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