what is pollination?
Answers
Answer:
the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow fertilization.
Explanation:
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What is Pollination?
Pollination is a method where pollen grains are picked from an anther, which is the male part of a flower and transferred to the flower’s female part called the stigma. To make the pollination work successfully, the pollen grains must be transferred from the same species of flower.
Also Read: Sexual Reproduction In Plants
Process of Pollination
The process of pollination begins when the pollen grains from the respective flowers lands on the stigma and form a pollen tube with the style length, which connects both the stigma and ovary. After the completion of the pollen tube, the pollen grain starts transmitting sperm cells from the grain to the ovary.
Later the process of fertilization in plants will take place when the sperm cells will reach the ovary and egg cells. The seed is then released from the parent plant and making it able to grow into a plant and continue the reproductive cycle with the use of the pollination method.
Also Read: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Process of Pollination
Types of Pollination
All plants having flowers completely rely on pollination method for reproduction. There are 2 types of pollination –
Self Pollination
Cross-Pollination
Self Pollination
It is referred to as the primary type of pollination as it includes a single flower. Self-pollination occurs when pollen grains fall directly from anther into the stigma of the flower. This process is quite simple and fast, which leads to a reduction in genetic diversity as the sperm and egg cells of the flower share some genetic information.
Self Pollination
Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-pollination
Self- pollination ensures that recessive characters are eliminated.
The wastage of the pollen grain is very less compared to cross-pollination
In the process of self- pollination, the purity of the race is maintained, as there is no diversity in the genes
In self- pollination, there is no involvement of external factors like wind, water, and other pollinating agents.
Self-pollination ensures that even a smaller quantity of produced pollen grains from plants have a good success rate in pollination.
Disadvantages
The major disadvantage of Self- pollination is there is no mixing up of genes. Due to which:
The vigour and vitality of the race are reduced
The immunity to diseases is reduced in the resultant offsprings.
Cross-Pollination
Cross Pollination
It refers to a complex type of pollination that allows the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower into the stigma of another flower. This method leads to an increase in genetic diversity as different flowers will share and combine their genetic information to create unique offspring.
Also Refer: Difference Between Self Pollination and Cross-Pollination
Types of Cross-Pollination
The process of cross-pollination requires the help of biotic and abiotic agents like animals, birds, wind, insects, water and other agents as pollinators.