What is pollination? Can anyone explain.
Answers
Answer:
What is Pollination?
Pollination is a method where pollen grains are picked from an anther, which is the male part of a flower and transferred to the flower’s female part called the stigma. To make the pollination work successfully, the pollen grains must be transferred from the same species of flower.
Process of Pollination
The process of pollination begins when the pollen grains from the respective flowers lands on the stigma and form a pollen tube with the style length, which connects both the stigma and ovary. After the completion of the pollen tube, the pollen grain starts transmitting sperm cells from the grain to the ovary.
Later the process of fertilization in plants will take place when the sperm cells will reach the ovary and egg cells. The seed is then released from the parent plant and making it able to grow into a plant and continue the reproductive cycle with the use of the pollination method.
Types of Pollination
All plants having flowers completely rely on pollination method for reproduction. There are 2 types of pollination –
Self Pollination
Cross-Pollination
Self Pollination
It is referred to as the primary type of pollination as it includes a single flower. Self-pollination occurs when pollen grains fall directly from anther into the stigma of the flower. This process is quite simple and fast, which leads to a reduction in genetic diversity as the sperm and egg cells of the flower share some genetic information.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-pollination
Self- pollination ensures that recessive characters are eliminated.
The wastage of the pollen grain is very less compared to cross-pollination
In the process of self- pollination, the purity of the race is maintained, as there is no diversity in the genes
In self- pollination, there is no involvement of external factors like wind, water, and other pollinating agents.
Self-pollination ensures that even a smaller quantity of produced pollen grains from plants have a good success rate in pollination.
Disadvantages
The major disadvantage of Self- pollination is there is no mixing up of genes. Due to which:
The vigour and vitality of the race are reduced
The immunity to diseases is reduced in the resultant offsprings
Cross-Pollination
It refers to a complex type of pollination that allows the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower into the stigma of another flower. This method leads to an increase in genetic diversity as different flowers will share and combine their genetic information to create unique offspring.
Advantages and Disadvantages Of Cross-pollination
Advantages
The produced seeds are good in vigour and vitality.
All unisexual plants can reproduce through the process of Cross-pollination.
The recessive characters in the lineage are eliminated as a result of genetic recombination.
This process improves the immunity of the offsprings towards the diseases and other environmental factors.
Cross-pollination introduces new genes into a sequence of species and this is mainly due to the fertilization between genetically different gametes.
Disadvantages
In this process, there is a great wastage of pollen grains.
Due to genetic recombination during meiosis, there are chances of eliminations of good qualities and additions of unwanted characteristics in offspring.
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