Question

what is primary and secondary hardening ​

Answer 1

Both these types of hardening are used in the tissue culture process in plants. Primary hardening happens for four weeks whereas secondary hardening can take place for at least eight weeks. Secondary hardening happens due to high temperature that induces precipitation hardening because of alloy carbides. In primary hardening, the media ingredients used are Nitrogen, Phosphorus Pentoxide and Potassium Oxide while in secondary hardening, it is press mud cake (PMC) and river bed soil.

Answer 2

The  primary and secondary hardening.

• The hardening procedure typically involves two steps. They are primed for photo-autotrophic development in the first primary hardening stage, and in the secondary hardening stage, they are gradually exposed to a harsher environment to help them acclimatise to field conditions.
• These plants are first removed from the fertiliser medium and given a thorough water wash. These plants are then grown in netted plastic pots with liquid nutrient medium for 6 to 8 weeks in a greenhouse. It's known as primary hardening.
• the process of acclimating a plant that was created through tissue culture before it was planted in the ground to make it resilient to environmental change.
• During machining, secondary hardening—defined as the rise in hardness during tempering of some hardened high alloy steel—has been noticed. The heat produced at the shear plane during cutting is what causes this rise in hardness during machining.

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