what is principle of management.
Answers
Explanation:
Management is essential to any organization that wishes to be efficient and achieve its aims. Without someone in a position of authority there would be organizational anarchy with no structure and very little, if any focus. It has been said that management has four basic functions – planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Common sense dictates that without these principles of management being in place an organization would have trouble achieving its aims, or even coming up with aims in the first place! A classic theory on the principles of management was written by Henri Fayol. It seeks to divide management into 14 principles. We’ll take a look at these basic principles of management and explain them in easy to understand terminology.
Principles of Management – Fayol’s 14 Principles
Division of Work – This principle of management is based on the theory that if workers are given a specialized task to do, they will become skillful and more efficient in it than if they had a broader range of tasks. Therefore, a process where everyone has a specialized role will be an efficient one.
Authority – This principle looks at the concept of managerial authority. It looks at how authority is necessary in order to ensure that managerial commands are carried out. If managers did not have authority then they would lack the ability to get work carried out. Managers should use their authority responsibly and ethically.
Discipline – This principle relates to the fact that discipline is needed within an organization for it to run effectively. Organizational rules, philosophies, and structures need to be met. In order to have disciplined workers, managers must build a culture of mutual respect and motivation.
Unity of command – There should be a clear chain of command in place within an organization. An employee should know exactly whose instructions to follow.
Unity of direction – Work should be organized in a way that means employees are working in harmony toward a shared objective or goal using a shared method or procedure.
Subordination individual interests to the collective interests – The interests of the organization as a whole should take precedence over the interests of any individual employee or group of employees. This encourages a team spirit and collective mentality of all for one and one for all.
Remuneration – In order to motivate and be fair to employees, they should be paid a reasonable rate for the work they carry out. An organization that underpays will struggle to attract quality workers who are motivated.
Centralization – This principle relates to whether decisions should be made centrally, as in from the top down, or in a more democratic way, from the bottom up. Different decision making processes are appropriate for different types of decisions.
Scalar chain – This relates to the principle of a clear chain of communication existing between employees and superiors. The chain should be respected, unless speedy communication is vital, in which case the chain may be bypassed if all parties consent.
Order – This relates to the proper use of resources and their effective deployment in a structured fashion.
Equity – Managers should behave ethically towards those they manage. Almost every organization in the modern world will have a written set of policies and procedures which will outline exactly what is expected from staff at all levels.
Stability of tenure of personnel – It is seen as desirable within an organization to have a low staff turnover rate. This is due to the benefits that come with having experienced staff and the time and expense needed to train new ones. There should be a clear and efficient method of filling any staff vacancies that arise.
Initiative – Employees that have an input as to how to best do their job are likely to feel more motivated and respected. Many organizations place a great deal of emphasis on listening to the concerns of staff.
Morale – Keeping a high level of morale and team spirit is an essential part of having the most productive organization possible. Happy and motivated employees are far more likely to be productive and less absent.
Principles of Management – The Importance of the Principles
Having a clear management structure in place is vital for any successful organization. Efficient and well intentioned management sets the tone for the rest of the staff. It is common for the attitude approach of managers to filter through the entire organization, so having managers working in an exemplary way is an excellent example for employees to follow.
Explanation:
The fourteen principles of management created by Henri Fayol are explained below :-
1. Division of Work-
Henri believed that segregating work in the workforce amongst the worker will enhance the quality of the product. Similarly, he also concluded that the division of work improves the productivity, efficiency, accuracy and speed of the workers. This principle is appropriate for both the managerial as well as a technical work level.
2. Authority and Responsibility-
These are the two key aspects of management. Authority facilitates the management to work efficiently, and responsibility makes them responsible for the work done under their guidance or leadership.
3. Discipline-
Without discipline, nothing can be accomplished. It is the core value for any project or any management. Good performance and sensible interrelation make the management job easy and comprehensive. Employees good behaviour also helps them smoothly build and progress in their professional careers.
4. Unity of Command-
This means an employee should have only one boss and follow his command. If an employee has to follow more than one boss, there begins a conflict of interest and can create confusion.
5. Unity of Direction-
Whoever is engaged in the same activity should have a unified goal. This means all the person working in a company should have one goal and motive which will make the work easier and achieve the set goal easily.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest-
This indicates a company should work unitedly towards the interest of a company rather than personal interest. Be subordinate to the purposes of an organization. This refers to the whole chain of command in a company.
7. Remuneration-
This plays an important role in motivating the workers of a company. Remuneration can be monetary or non-monetary. However, it should be according to an individual’s efforts they have made.
8. Centralization-
In any company, the management or any authority responsible for the decision-making process should be neutral. However, this depends on the size of an organization. Henri Fayol stressed on the point that there should be a balance between the hierarchy and division of power.
9. Scalar Chain-
Fayol on this principle highlights that the hierarchy steps should be from the top to the lowest. This is necessary so that every employee knows their immediate senior also they should be able to contact any, if needed.
10. Order-
A company should maintain a well-defined work order to have a favourable work culture. The positive atmosphere in the workplace will boost more positive productivity.
11. Equity-
All employees should be treated equally and respectfully. It’s the responsibility of a manager that no employees face discrimination.
12. Stability-
An employee delivers the best if they feel secure in their job. It is the duty of the management to offer job security to their employees.
13. Initiative-
The management should support and encourage the employees to take initiatives in an organization. It will help them to increase their interest and make then worth.
14. Esprit de Corps-
It is the responsibility of the management to motivate their employees and be supportive of each other regularly. Developing trust and mutual understanding will lead to a positive outcome and work environment.
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