Question

what is proton what is the significance of the number of protons found in the atoms of each of the different elements

Answer 1

Proton is a sub atomic particle which is universal in nature and holds the positive charge.
It is a nucleon and is present in the nucleus of every atom in specific number.
It is useful in defining the Z or atomic number of element.
For example, there are 6 protons in the carbon atom. So the atomic number of carbon is 6.

Answer 2

Answer:

The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and is used to distinguish one element from another. The number of neutrons is variable, resulting in isotopes, which are different forms of the same atom that vary only in the number of neutrons they possess.