Question

what is Raunkiaer's law of frequency

Answer 1

In 1934, the Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær presented his law of frequency, portraying a bimodal occupancy frequency distribution (OFD) in plant communities. This law suggests that species in a community are either rare or common, with only few species having intermediate occupancies.

Answer 2

Raunkiaer's "law of frequency" indicates the homogeneity or uniformity within one or several stands of vegetation.

Explanation:

• The "law of frequency" was given by Raunkiaer in the year (1918, 1934) which is also known as Raunkiaer's "law of frequency".
• It is an ecological idea.
• In 1918, Raunkiaer studied the different areas of Europe and summarised the frequency data.
• He observed that if the total number of frequency distributions is divided into five classes of percentage frequency, the distribution of frequencies is given as:

       Class A $\[ = 0 - 20\% \]$                     Frequency - $\[53\% \]$

       Class B $\[ = 21 - 40\% \]$                   Frequency - $\[14\% \]$

       Class C $\[ = 41 - 60\% \]$                   Frequency - $\[9\% \]$

       Class D $\[ = 61 - 80\% \]$                   Frequency - $\[8\% \]$

       Class E $\[ = 81 - 100\% \]$                  Frequency - $\[16\% \]$

• When these frequencies are plotted on a graph, a J-shaped curve is obtained.
• This curve is called the "normal" curve of frequency or the law of frequency.
• The distribution can be represented as:

        $\[A > B > C\mathop > \limits_{\mathop = \limits_ < } D < E\]$

• It is observed that an increase in E occurs instead of the general decreasing trend of the other previous classes which gives the famous J-shaped curve.

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