Question

what is re urbanisation

Answer 1

Re-urbanisation is the movement of people and economic activities back into the city centres. It involves the development of existing urban areas with new building and improved infrastructure. It is the opposite of suburbanisation as it involves those who were living in the suburbs or outer edges of the city to move into the inner city. Re-urbanisation is often related to gentrification, a process in which more affluent people refurbish and redevelop run down areas of the city centre. There are many causes of re-urbanisation. One reason for its occurrence is the population pressure and lack of resources in rural areas so more people move to urban areas for a better standard of living. Another reason for why re-urbanisation occurs is to do with the fact that urban areas are expanding faster than rural areas, so people are moving into the urban areas from the rural as there are more job opportunities. Finally there is better health care in urban areas, such as large hospitals and multiple doctors’ surgeries, and so it is easier to access, which may be seen as a benefit for many. There are three main processes involved with re-urbanisation. As well as gentrification these include property led-regeneration schemes and the move towards sustainable communities. Property led regeneration schemes involve the in movement of people as part of a large scale invest programme. These focus on the regeneration of urban areas by aiming to improve the social, economic and physical aspects of an area. These are often associated with UDCs, Urban Development Corporations, which take responsibility for the regeneration of selected inner city areas with large amounts of derelict and vacant land. They are given planning approval powers and are encouraged to spend public money on the purchase of land, the building of infrastructure and on marketing to attract private investment to the area. Their aim is to receive four to five times more money from the private investments than the public money that was initially invested. An example of a UDC is the Central Manchester Development Corporation established in 1988. It is a partnership between the local authority and private developers, whose aim it was to regenerate 200 ha of land and buildings in the southern sector of Manchester city centre. The area contained derelict buildings including decaying warehouses and former mills. Some of these building were refurbished into a range of uses including housing, for example warehouses were converted and redeveloped to create a village like community of more than a 1,000 household units, pubs, bars, restaurants and shops. The aim of the scheme was to draw people into the city centre, including younger residents and tourists, businesses and local people visiting leisure centres. The process of gentrification is an important one involved in re-urbanisation.
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Answer 2

Re building of the city is known as reurbanisation.

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