Question

what is reverse osmosis ?? explain in brief .

Answer 1

Osmosis is the process by which water molecules or solvent molecules moves from higher concentration to low concentration.

But when we apply external pressure, that is, Osmotic pressure, the reverse happens. Means water molecules moves from lower concentration to higher concentration. This is reverse osmosis.

Water purifiers are based on this principle.

Answer 2

Heyaaaa!!


Reverse osmosis
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 Reverse osmosis is a membrane technology used for separation also reffered as Hyperfiltration.

<>  In a typical RO system the solution is first filtered through a rough filter like sand or active carbon, or dual filter etc.

<>  If solution contains Ca++, Mg salts, iron, carbonates, then acid dosing system is introduced.

<> The pH is adjusted and the solution is then filter through micro cartridge filter (5‐10 micron).

<> The pretreated water is then pumped in to the RO tank with a high pressure pump.

<> The membrane separates the pollutants in concentrated form in the reject stream and the pure water is collected as a permeate.

Why RO is the best??
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• If other variables are kept constant, the water flow rate (flux) is proportional to the net pressure.
 
• The pressure range for RO systems varies from 10 Kg/cm2 to 65 Kg/cm2

• Thus it is evident that RO can be advantageously used for the treatment of textile waste water provided the design, pretreatment stringency, operating parameters are strictly adhered to avoid fouling of membrane modules


Applications
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RO is more useful to separate salts and organic compounds from textile effluents. Some of the wastewater varieties from textile industry that can be treated by RO for recovery of reusable water such as:

1. Rayon industry process wastewater.

2. Textile dyes house effluent. Up to 80% of warm dye house wastewater can be recovered for recycle by RO membrane.