What is Ribozyme ? Explain in Detail.
Answers
Ribozymes are catalytically active RNA molecules or RNA–protein complexes, in which solely the RNA provides catalytic activity. The term ribozyme refers to the enzymatic activity and ribonucleic acid nature at the same time. Ribozymes are found in the genomes of species from all kingdoms of life.Despite the limited chemical repertoire, the biological functions of ribozymes are diverse and they play central roles in the three kingdoms of life, during transfer RNA maturation, intron splicing, replication of RNA viruses or viroids, the regulation of messenger RNA stability, and protein synthesis.
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Ribozymes are catalytically active RNA molecules or RNA–protein complexes, in which solely the RNA provides catalytic activity. The term ribozyme refers to the enzymatic activity and ribonucleic acid nature at the same time. Ribozymes are found in the genomes of species from all kingdoms of life.
Some examples of naturally occurring ribozymes include:
1. RNase P.
2. Peptidyl transferase 23S rRNA.
3. GIR1 branching ribozyme.
4. Leadzyme.
5. Group I and Group II introns.
6. Hairpin ribozyme.
7. Hammerhead ribozyme.
8. HDV ribozyme.
Ribozymes and Aptamers.
Ribozymes are small RNA structures that catalytically cleave covalent bonds in target DNA.
They can inhibit gene expression in a sequence-specific manner and have the therapeutic potential to eliminate mRNA in cancer and viral diseases.
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