What is RNA? Mention its types and give the functions of each.
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RNA molecules are involved in protein synthesis and sometimes in the transmission of genetic information
Although DNA stores the information for protein synthesis and RNAcarries out the instructions encoded in DNA, most biological activities are carried out by proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
2.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA, which binds it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain if the next code word on mRNA calls for it. The correct tRNA with its attached amino acid is selected at each step because each specific tRNA molecule contains a three-base sequence that can base-pair with its complementary code word in the mRNA.
3.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into proteinchains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit, each of which contains its own rRNA molecule or molecules.
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Although DNA stores the information for protein synthesis and RNAcarries out the instructions encoded in DNA, most biological activities are carried out by proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
2.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA, which binds it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain if the next code word on mRNA calls for it. The correct tRNA with its attached amino acid is selected at each step because each specific tRNA molecule contains a three-base sequence that can base-pair with its complementary code word in the mRNA.
3.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into proteinchains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit, each of which contains its own rRNA molecule or molecules.
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Dear students,
◆ RNA -
- RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid.
- It is an essential nucleic acid present in all living cells.
(I) Genetic RNA -
- RNA molecules that are translated into proteins are called as genetic RNAs.
- There is only one type.
- They carry out the regulation of gene function.
(II) Non-genetic RNA -
- RNA molecules that aren't translated into proteins are called as non-genetic RNAs.
- They are of three types.
Non-genetic RNA are further divided into -
1) m-RNA (messenger RNA) -
- acts as messenger to direct amino acids to proteins.
2) r-RNA (ribosomal RNA) -
- provides site for protein synthesis.
3) t-RNA (transfer RNA) -
- transfers amino acids to ribosomes
Hope this helped you.
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