Question

What is ‘Romanticism’? How Romanticism helped in the growth of national feelings in the European countries? Explain with suitable examples.

Answer 1

Answer:

Romanticism was a movement in the arts and literature which originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity and the primacy of the individual.

1) Critical approach towards reason and science—Romantic artists criticosed the glorification of reasons and science and focused on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.

2)folk culture as the spirit of nation— Johann Gottfried claimed that through folk song,folk poetry,folk dancy,the true spirit of the nation could be popularised.

3)emphasis on vernacular language— they gave emphasis on vernacular language to recover not only the accident national spirit but also to carry the modern nationalist message who were mostly illiterate.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Romantic Imagination and national Feeling

The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansions.

Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feeling.

Let us look at Romanticism, a culture movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiments.

Romantic artists and poet generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, institution and mystical feelings.

Other romantics were through folk song, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation.

National feelings were kept alive through music and languages.

Karol Kurpinski, celebrated the national struggles through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.

Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments.

Russian language was imposed everywhere.

Many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance.

As a result, a large number of priests and bishops were put in jail or sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as punishment for their refusal to preach in Russians.