what is ruminants what is ruminants and rumination
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Explanation:
Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions. The process, which takes place in the front part of the digestive system and therefore is called foregut fermentation, typically requires the fermented ingesta (known as cud) to be regurgitated and chewed again. The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination.[1][2] The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin ruminare, which means "to chew over again".
Ruminants' mouths often smell of moist grass that is beginning to decompose.
The roughly 200 species of living ruminants include both domestic and wild species.[3] Ruminating mammals include cattle, all domesticated and wild bovines, goats, sheep, giraffes, deer, gazelles, and antelopes.[4] It has also been suggested that notoungulates also relied on rumination, as opposed to other atlantogenates that rely on the more typical hindgut fermentation, though this is not entirely certain.[5]
Taxonomically, the suborder Ruminantia (also known as ruminants) is a lineage of herbivorous artiodactyls that includes the most advanced and widespread of the world's ungulates.[6] The term 'ruminant' is not synonymous with Ruminantia.[citation needed] The suborder Ruminantia includes many ruminant species, but does not include tylopods and marsupials.[4] The suborder Ruminantia includes six different families: Tragulidae, Giraffidae, Antilocapridae, Moschidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae.[3]
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