Question

what is Rutherford's model? what are its limitation? plz explain in simple language.

Answer 1

utherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure. If Thomson was correct, the beam would go straight through the gold foil. Most of the beams went through the foil, but a few were reflected.

Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure, as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results. In it, the atom is made up of a central charge (this is the modern atomic nucleus, though Rutherford did not use the term "nucleus" in his paper) surrounded by a cloud of (presumably) orbiting electrons. In this May 1911 paper, Rutherford only committed himself to a small central region of very high positive or negative charge in the atom.

Answer 2

This model was made analogous to the solar system where the nucleus may be compared to the sum, and the electron to the planets. In space the planets are neutral and attract each other according to the law of gravitation. However, the electrons orbiting the nucleus are negatively charged and these electrons repel each other.

ii. It was shown by clark Maxwell that a charged body moving under the influence of attractive force loses energy continuously in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Thus unlike a planet the electron is a charged body and it emit radiations while removing around nucleus. As a result, the electron should lose energy at every turn and move closer and closer to the nucleus following a spiral path Consequently the orbit will become smaller and smaller and finally the electron will into the nucleus In other words the atom should collapse. However this never happens, therefore except some drawbacks in the atomic model of energy as a result it falls to the nucleus.