what is ryotwari system
Answers
Ryotwari System
Ryotwari system in south and South Western India by Thomas Munro and Captain Alexander Read. The settlement was made directly with the ryot or peasants who was recognised as the land on earth as long as he paid the revenue. Revenue was revised every 20 - 30 years.
The flaws in the system soon became an obvious :
★ Revenue was too high .
★ Revenue had to be paid even if the crops failed.
★ Instead of the zamindar , the state became the oppressor. Peasants began to leave the countryside.
ryotwari system was first tried on small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some ares that were taken over by the british company after wars with tipu sultan .It was subsequently developed by thomas munro ,who was governor of madras at that time (1819-26).he extended it over south india.Read and munro felt that in south there were no traditional zamindars. the settlements they argued had to be made directly with ryots or cultivators who had tilled the land for generations.their fields first had to be carefully surveyed before revenue assessment was made.But few years the system got some problems.1.revenue officials fixed the revenue demand too high for their desire. 2.peasants were unable to pay ,ryots fled the countryside and villages became deserted in many regions. Optimistic officials had imagined that new system would transform peasants into rich enterprising farmers. but this did not happened.