★ What is saponification? Also write its equation.
Answers
☘️SAPONIFICATION :)✌
Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt, called "soap."
The triglycerides are most often animal fats or vegetable oils.
▪ ITS EQUATION :-
C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O. The ester, on treating with a base such as NaOH is converted back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid.
☆ The reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the manufacture of soap.
☘️Jerry☘️
What is saponification ?
Saponification reactions are used in the preparation of soaps.
In a saponification reaction, esters (like vegetable oil) react with an alkali (NaOH or KOH etc) to produce the parent alcohol (glycerol) from which the ester was made and sodium/potassium salt of the parent carboxylic acid from which the ester was made.
Since the esters react with alkalies, this process is also known as Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters or simply Hydrolysis of Esters.
For example,
1. Esterification Reaction:
CH₃CH₂OH + CH₃COOH -----------------> CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + H₂O
Ethanol + Ethanoic Acid ------------> Ethyl Ethanoate (Ester) + Water
2. Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters:
CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + NaOH ----------------> CH₃CH₂OH + CH₃COO⁻Na⁺
Ethyl Ethanoate (Ester) + Sodium Hydroxide (Alkali) --------------> Ethanol + Sodium Ethanoate/Sodium Acetate (Sodium salt of carboxylic acid)
But CH₃COO⁻Na⁺ is not a soap as
Soaps are sodium/potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
But, this is not a long chain carboxylic acid as it has only a methyl group.
Hence, to prepare soaps, we use vegetable oils or animal fats, which are natural esters to prepare soaps.
Saponification Reaction:
Vegetable Oil/Animal Fats + Alkali --------------> Soap + Glycerol