What is saponification?Explain the cleaning action of soap?
Answers
The process of making a soap from ester is called saponification rxn
Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps, the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus the soap molecules form structures called micelles .In micelles, one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside. Therefore, it forms an emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt when we wash our clothes.
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When an ester (oil) reacts with the alkali, ie Sodium Hydroxide, the corresponding alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid are obtained.This reaction is called saponification reaction. It is used in preparation of soap.
Ester+ Sodium hydroxide---- Sodium salt of carboxylic acid + Alcohol