Question

what is screening effect how does it influence ionization enthalpy

Answer 1

In a multielectron atom, the electrons present in the inner shells shield the electrons in the valence shell from the attraction of the nucleus or they act as a screen between the nucleus and these electrons. This is known as shedding effect or screening effect. As the screening effect increases, the effective nuclear charge decreases. Consequently, the force of attraction by the nucleus for the valence shell electrons decreases and hence the ionization enthalpy decreases.

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