Question

What is soap?how is it prepared?

Answer 1

Fats and oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high-pressure steam to yield crude fatty acids and glycerine. The fatty acids are then purified by distillation and neutralized with an alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap). When the alkali is sodium hydroxide, a sodium soap is formed.

a substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, and typically having perfume and colouring added.

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also
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol that allows programs that run on disparate operating systems (such as Windows and Linux) to communicate using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its Extensible Markup Language (XML).

Answer 2

Hi there!

The Ester gets converted back into Alcohol and Sodium salt of acid when treated with Alkali like Soahium hydroxide (NaOH).

This reaction is called Saponification reaction, as it is used for the preparation of soap.

♦ Eqn.

Ethyl Acetate + Sodium → Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) + Sodium Acetate

$CH_{3}COOH$ + $NaOH$ → $CH_{3}CH_{2}OH$ + $CH_{3}COO^{-}Na^{+}$

[ Thank you! for asking the question. ]
Hope it helps!