Question

What is soil? Explain the factors affecting the formation of soil with the help of a diagram​

Answer 1

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Soils are formed through the interaction of five major factors: time, climate, parent material, topography and relief, and organisms.

Time:

Time:The formation of soils is a continuing process and generally takes several thousand years for significant changes to take place.

Climate:

Climate:Climate, particularly temperature, precipitation and frost action have a profound influence on the soil forming processes which occur within a region.

Parental material

Parent material is the unconsolidated mineral and organic deposits in which soils are developing. It determines the mineralogical composition and contributes largely to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil.

Topography and Relief

Topography and ReliefThe shape of the land surface, its slope and position on the landscape, greatly influence the kinds of soils formed.

Organisms

OrganismsAll living organisms actively influence the soil forming process. These organisms include bacteria, fungi, vegetation and animals. Their major influence is the effect on the chemical and physical environment of the soils.

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