Question

what is SONAR ?? explain it's working.

Answer 1

SONAR stands for Sound Navigation And Ranging. It is a device used to measure the distance, the direction and the speed of the objects lying under water using ultrasonic waves. It comprises of a transmitter and a receiver. Powerful pulses of ultrasound waves are sent out at regular intervals from a transmitter mounted on a ship. When these pulses are intercepted by submerged objects, they are reflected. The reflected sound or echo is detected by an underwater receiver, which is also mounted on the ship. If t = time interval between transmission and reception of reflected ultrasound wave, v = speed of sound through water, d = distance of the object that reflected the ultrasound, then Distance = speed × time In time interval ‘t’, the sound waves travel twice i.e. 2d 2d = vt ⇒ d = v t /2 This gives the distance of the object lying under

Answer 2

SONAR (stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging) is an acoustic device that is installed in ships to measure depth, direction, and speed of underwater objects such as icebergs, sea rocks, shipwrecks, spy submarines, etc. It uses high frequency ultrasound for this purpose and works on the principle of echo. It consists of two main devices called transducer and detector. Transducer produces and transmits ultrasonic sound and detector receives the ultrasound that is reflected from the bottom of a sea or an underwater object. SONAR measures the echo of the ultrasound and calculates the depth or distance of underwater objects using the relation,
2d = v × t
Where d = Distance between the ship and the underwater object
v = Speed of ultrasound in water
t = Time taken by the echo to return from the object.
Sonar is a very useful technique which can help determine what lies beneath the ship, boat or a submarine. It has been used to discover shipwrecks, lost treasures, sunken features etc.
It is also used in military for detecting the presence of enemy ships .

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