Question

What is sonar? Explain its working ? By what principal sonar works?

Answer 1

SONAR:-

The word "sonar" comes from the first letters of "sound navigation ranging." Sonar can detect and locate objects under the sea by echoes, much as porpoises and other marine animals navigate using their natural sonar systems.

How Sonar Works

There are two types of sonar sets: active and passive. An active sonar set sends out sound pulses called pings, then receives the returning sound echo. Passive sonar sets receive sound echoes without transmitting their own sound signals.

In active sonar sets, the sound signals are very powerful compared with ordinary sounds. Most sonar sets send out sounds that are millions of times more powerful than a shout. Each ping lasts a fraction of a second.

Some sonar sets emit sounds you can hear. Other sonar signals are pitched so high that the human ear cannot hear them. These signals are called ultrasonic waves. ("Ultra" means "beyond," and "sonic" means "sound.") The sonar set has a special receiver that can pick up the returning echoes. The location of underwater objects can then be determined by the length of time that elapses between sending the signal and hearing the returning echo.

Answer 2

SONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging

SONAR is used to determine the direction and speed of underwater objects. SONAR is generally found in ships and boats. SONAR uses ultrasonic sound waves to detect the underwater objects, fishes, submarines, boats.

How SONAR works ?

There is a transmitter at the bottom of ship which produces and transmits the Ultrasonic sound. These ultrasonic sounds strikes at the depth of the sea. And, it comes back towards the receiver which is fitted at the bottom of the ships and boats. This receiver receives the sound reflected from depth of the sea and perceives it. Later, this signals is properly interpreted and time between transmission and reception is noted. And, this is how it is helpful to find depth and underwater objects in sea.

How SONAR helps to find underwater objects ?:

If the time difference between transmission and reception is less than normal, then it is expected that, there is something underwater object which is reflecting the sound before reaching the depth. And, in this way, SONAR is used to determine underwater objects, depth of sea, Underwater hills, Icebergs, Submarines, valleys.

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