what is sonar? explain the working of sonar
Answers
Sonar is simply making use of an echo. When an animal or machine makes a noise, it sends sound waves into the environment around it. Those waves bounce off nearby objects, and some of them reflect back to the object that made the noise. It's those reflected sound waves that you hear when your voice echoes back to you from a canyon. Whales and specialized machines can use reflected waves to locate distant objects and sense their shape and movement.
The range of low-frequency sonar is remarkable. Dolphins and whales can tell the difference between objects as small as a BB pellet from 50 feet (15 meters) away, and they use sonar much more than sight to find their food, families, and direction. The LFA sonar being tested by the military can travel thousands of miles, and could cover 80% of the earth's oceans by broadcasting from only four points. The frequency that both whales and the military use falls between 100 and 500 Hz. Whales send signals out between 160 and 190 Db, the Navy has tested its sonar signals at levels up to 235 Db.
SONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging
SONAR is used to determine the direction and speed of underwater objects. SONAR is generally found in ships and boats. SONAR uses ultrasonic sound waves to detect the underwater objects, fishes, submarines, boats.
How SONAR works ?
There is a transmitter at the bottom of ship which produces and transmits the Ultrasonic sound. These ultrasonic sounds strikes at the depth of the sea. And, it comes back towards the receiver which is fitted at the bottom of the ships and boats. This receiver receives the sound reflected from depth of the sea and perceives it. Later, this signals is properly interpreted and time between transmission and reception is noted. And, this is how it is helpful to find depth and underwater objects in sea.
How SONAR helps to find underwater objects ?:
If the time difference between transmission and reception is less than normal, then it is expected that, there is something underwater object which is reflecting the sound before reaching the depth. And, in this way, SONAR is used to determine underwater objects, depth of sea, Underwater hills, Icebergs, Submarines, valleys.
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