Question

What is sp²-hybridisation?

Answer 1

$\huge \pink {\underline {\underline{A nswer : - }}}$

$\large \bigstar \blue{\underline {\underline{Hybridisation: - }}}$

The process of intermixing of orbitals of same atom with nearly same energy to form equal number of new orbitals of equal energy is called Hybridisation.

$\large \bigstar \green{\underline {\underline{ \: Rules \: of \: hybridisation : - }}}$

✺ Orbitals of same atom only participate in hybridisation.

✺ Energy of hybridising orbitals must be equal

✺ The number of orbitals undergoing hybridisation must be equal to the number of orbitals hybridised.

✺ Only orbitals undergo hybridisation

✺ Hybrid orbitals form only σ bonds

$\large \bigstar \purple{\underline {\underline{ \: Types \: of \: hybridisation: - }}}$

It is classified on the basis of number of orbitals involved.

✺ sp

✺ sp²

✺ sp³

✺ sp³d

✺ sp³d²

✺ sp³d³

$\large\color{green} {\underline {\underline{ \: i)sp - hybridisation: - }}}$

" Intermixing of one s and one p orbitals to give two equivalent orbitals is called sp hybridisation "

Bond angle is 180° and have a linear shape

Each sp hybrid orbital posses 50% s-character and 50% p- character.

Becl₂ , CO₂ , C₂H₂ undergo sp hybridisation.

$\large\color{green} {\underline {\underline{ \: ii)sp {}^{2} - hybridisation: - }}}$

" Intermixing of one s and two p orbitals of an atom to produce three new sp² orbitals of equivalent energy is called sp² hybridisation."

Bond angle is 120° and have triagonal planar structure

Each sp² hybrid orbitals have 33.33% s-character and 66.66% p-character

BF₃ , SO₂ , SO₃ , etc undergo sp² hybridisation

$\large\color{maroon} {\underline {\underline{ \: iii)sp {}^{3} - hybridisation: - }}}$

" Intermixing of one s and three p orbitals of an atom to form four new sp³ orbitals of equivalent energy is called sp³ hybridisation."

They have Bond angle 109°.28' and has a shape of tetrahedral

Each sp³ hybrid orbital has 25% s-character and 75% p-character

CH₄ , NH₃ , CCl₄ , SnCl₄ , etc undergo sp³ hybridisation.