Question

What is speciation.....?

Answer 1

Speciation :-

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which biological populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term 'speciation' in the year 1906. Famous scientist Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his book 'The Origin Of Species' in 1859.
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another. These are allopatric, peripatric, parapatric and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture or laboratory experiments. All forms of natural speciation have taken place over the course of evolution, however, debate persists as to the relative importance of each mechanism in driving biodiversity.

Answer 2

Formation of a new species or sub-species from an existing species is known as speciation. There are various factors associated with speciation which leads to this process. The factors are separation of some individuals from a population of a species, exploring new habitat and habit by those individuals, mating possible for some time between this new population with the old population, gradual genetic drift due to geographical and further reproductive barriers. As a result the two populations of same species becomes reproductively isolated and no more are able to mate among themselves. If this process continues for hundreds and thousands of years, evolution of new species or speciation occurs.These differences may arise due to recombination and mutation as a result of geographical barriers , climate change etc.,which leads reproductive isolation. Also natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, immigration, emigration, birth rate, death rate etc., plays a major role in formation of new species. For example, Darwin's finches.