what is SQL??????plz tell it is frm computer
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Structured Query Language.....
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is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). It is particularly useful in handling structured data where there are relations between different entities/variables of the data. SQL offers two main advantages over older read/write APIs like ISAM or VSAM. First, it introduced the concept of accessing many records with one single command; and second, it eliminates the need to specify how to reach a record, e.g. with or without an index.
The SQL language is subdivided into several language elements, including:
, which are constituent components of statements and queries. (In some cases, these are optional.)
, which can produce either scalar values, or tables consisting of columns and rows of data.
, which specify conditions that can be evaluated to SQL three-valued logic (3VL) (true/false/unknown) or Booleantruth values and are used to limit the effects of statements and queries, or to change program flow.
, which retrieve the data based on specific criteria. This is an important element of SQL.
, which may have a persistent effect on schemata and data, or may control transactions, program flow, connections, sessions, or diagnostics.
SQL statements also include the semicolon (";") statement terminator. Though not required on every platform, it is defined as a standard part of the SQL grammar.
is generally ignored in SQL statements and queries, making it easier to format SQL code for readability.
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