Question

what is Summerfield theory of atoms?​.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Sommerfeld model of an atom is extended version of Bohr’s atomic model, which was formed by Sommerfeld to explain the fine spectral line phenomenon which Bohr was not able to explain. According to Sommerfeld, the stationary orbits in which electrons are revolving around the nucleus in an atom are not circular but elliptical in shape. It is due to the influence of the centrally located nucleus. The electron revolves in elliptical path with nucleus at one of its foci. So there will be a major and a minor axis of the path. He said that with the broadening of the orbit, the lengths of the two axis approach to equal value and ultimately become equal i.e. the path become circular. So we can say the circular path is just one special case elliptical path.

Sommerfeld used an integer ‘k’ (azimuthal quantum number) to explain the angular momentum of a revolving electron, where n/k = (lenght of major axis)/(lenght of minor axis) and ‘n’ is the integer used by Bohr in his angular momentum formula: mvr = nh/(2π).

When n = k, the path becomes circular and with increase in k the path becomes elliptical.

Moreover, Sommerfeld said that the energy of the stationary orbit depends not only on ‘n’ but also on ‘k’ to some extent. So when a transition of electron from a higher level to a lower level occurs, it would be different from what proposed by Bohr as there may be more than one values of ‘k’. In this way he was able to explain the reason behind those fine spectral lines. Even the frequencies of some of those fine spectral lines came to be in well agreement with the frequencies by Sommerfeld.

Answer 2

Explanation:

That's all I know about it.