what is surface mining
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Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.
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Surface mining, method of extracting minerals near the surface of the Earth.
Surface mining is used to retrieve sand, gravel, stones, coal, iron and other metals.
There are five recognized types of surface mining, each with specific variations depending on the minerals being extracted.
The three most common types of surface mining are :
- Open-pit mining
- Strip mining
- and quarrying.
The first metals to be unearthed were gold and copper.