what is taxonomy and what his functions in the humans kingdom?
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Taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις (taxis), meaning 'arrangement', and -νομία(-nomia), meaning 'method') is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
With the advent of such fields of study as phylogenetics, cladistics, and systematics, the Linnaean system has progressed to a system of modern biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms, both living and extinct.
The exact definition of taxonomy varies from source to source, but the core of the discipline remains: the conception, naming, and classification of groups of organisms.[1] As points of reference, recent definitions of taxonomy are presented below:
Theory and practice of grouping individuals into species, arranging species into larger groups, and giving those groups names, thus producing a classification[2]A field of science (and major component of systematics) that encompasses description, identification, nomenclature, and classification[3]The science of classification, in biology the arrangement of organisms into a classification[4]"The science of classification as applied to living organisms, including study of means of formation of species, etc."[5]"The analysis of an organism's characteristics for the purpose of classification"[6]"[Systematics] studies phylogeny to provide a pattern that can be translated into the classification and names of the more inclusive field of taxonomy" (listed as a desirable but unusual definition)[7]
The varied definitions either place taxonomy as a sub-area of systematics (definition 2), invert that relationship (definition 6), or appear to consider the two terms synonymous. There is some disagreement as to whether biological nomenclature is considered a part of taxonomy (definitions 1 and 2), or a part of systematics outside taxonomy.[8] For example, definition 6 is paired with the following definition of systematics that places nomenclature outside taxonomy:[6]
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With the advent of such fields of study as phylogenetics, cladistics, and systematics, the Linnaean system has progressed to a system of modern biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms, both living and extinct.
The exact definition of taxonomy varies from source to source, but the core of the discipline remains: the conception, naming, and classification of groups of organisms.[1] As points of reference, recent definitions of taxonomy are presented below:
Theory and practice of grouping individuals into species, arranging species into larger groups, and giving those groups names, thus producing a classification[2]A field of science (and major component of systematics) that encompasses description, identification, nomenclature, and classification[3]The science of classification, in biology the arrangement of organisms into a classification[4]"The science of classification as applied to living organisms, including study of means of formation of species, etc."[5]"The analysis of an organism's characteristics for the purpose of classification"[6]"[Systematics] studies phylogeny to provide a pattern that can be translated into the classification and names of the more inclusive field of taxonomy" (listed as a desirable but unusual definition)[7]
The varied definitions either place taxonomy as a sub-area of systematics (definition 2), invert that relationship (definition 6), or appear to consider the two terms synonymous. There is some disagreement as to whether biological nomenclature is considered a part of taxonomy (definitions 1 and 2), or a part of systematics outside taxonomy.[8] For example, definition 6 is paired with the following definition of systematics that places nomenclature outside taxonomy:[6]
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The three functions of taxonomy include, identification, nomenclature and classification. Its main aim is to provide a convenient method of identification and communication about a taxa and provide a classification which is based on natural affinities of plants as far as possible.
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