Question

what is the answer?​

Answer 1

Answer:

phospholipid

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

phospholipid

Phospholipids (PL) are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group, and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue. The phosphate group can be modified with simple organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine or serine.

Explanation:

◉LET'S EXPLORE MORE

✯What is phospholipid

Membranes are primarily composed of phospholipids that are Phosphoacylglycerols.

Triacylglycerols and phosphoacylglycerols are the same, but, the terminal OH group of the phosphoacylglycerol is esterified with phosphoric acid in place of fatty acid which results in the formation of phosphatidic acid.

The name phospholipid is derived from the fact that phosphoacylglycerols are lipids containing a phosphate group.

✯Functions of Phospholipids

• As membrane components, phospholipids are selectively permeable (also called semi-permeable), meaning that only certain molecules can pass through them to enter or exit the cell. Molecules that dissolve in fat can pass through easily, while molecules that dissolve in water cannot. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and urea are some molecules that can pass through the cell membrane easily. Large molecules like glucose or ions like sodium and potassium cannot pass through easily. This helps keep the contents of the cell working properly and separates the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment.

◉FURTHER LEARNING

✯Lipids Definition

“Lipids are organic compounds that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, which forms the framework for the structure and function of living cells.”

✯Properties of Lipids

• Lipids are a family of organic compounds, composed of fats and oils. These molecules yield high energy and are responsible for different functions within the human body. Listed below are some important characteristics of Lipids.

• Lipids are oily or greasy nonpolar molecules, stored in the adipose tissue of the body.

• Lipids are a heterogeneous group of compounds, mainly composed of hydrocarbon chains.

• Lipids are energy-rich organic molecules, which provide energy for different life processes.

✯Lipid Structure

Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen.

✯Classification of Lipids

Lipids can be classified into two main classes:

• Nonsaponifiable lipids, and
• Saponifiable lipids.

☆Nonsaponifiable Lipids

• A nonsaponifiable lipid cannot be disintegrated into smaller molecules through hydrolysis. Nonsaponifiable lipids include cholesterol, prostaglandins etc

☆Saponifiable Lipids

A saponifiable lipid comprises one or more ester groups, enabling it to undergo hydrolysis in the presence of a base, acid, or enzymes, including waxes, triglycerides, sphingolipids, and phospholipids.

• Further, these categories can be divided into non-polar and polar lipids.

• Nonpolar lipids, namely triglycerides, are utilized as fuel and to store energy.

• Polar lipids, that could form a barrier with an external water environment, are utilized in membranes. Polar lipids comprise sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids.

✯Types of Lipids

Within these two major classes of lipids, there are numerous specific types of lipids important to live, including fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and steroids. These are broadly classified as simple lipids and complex lipids.

☆Simple Lipids

Esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.

• Fats: Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Oils are fats in the liquid state

• Waxes: Esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols

☆Complex Lipids

Esters of fatty acids containing groups in addition to alcohol and a fatty acid.

• Phospholipids: These are lipids containing, in addition to fatty acids and alcohol, a phosphoric acid residue. They frequently have nitrogen-containing bases and other substituents, eg, in glycerophospholipids the alcohol is glycerol and in sphingophospholipids the alcohol is sphingosine.

• Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids): Lipids containing a fatty acid, sphingosine, and carbohydrate.

• Other complex lipids: Lipids such as sulfolipids and amino lipids. Lipoproteins may also be placed in this category

☆Precursor and Derived Lipids

• These include fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and ketone bodies, hydrocarbons, lipid-soluble vitamins, and hormones. Because they are uncharged, acylglycerols (glycerides), cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters are termed neutral lipids. These compounds are produced by the hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids.